HACCP / Food Safety Plan - Seafood
Plan Guidance Introduction
Processors of fish and fishery products currently fall under the regulatory rules of local State Health Departments and the United States Food & Drug Administration’s Seafood Hazards Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) program. This plan guidance page will walk through the basics of developing a HACCP plan in order to achieve compliance with both State and Federal entities to facilitate safe and sanitary processing.
Types of companies that would use this plan would be:
- Manufacturers
- Retail
Types of food products that would use a version of this guidance would be:
- Crab – Fresh
- Crab – Frozen
- Fish – General
- Lobster – Cooked
- Mussels – Live
- Salmon – Hot Smoked
- Seafood – General HACCP
- Scallops – Shucked Chilled
- Shucked Oysters
- Squid – Raw, Frozen
- Sushi
- Tuna – Canned
HACCP / Food Safety Plan
The HACCP Plan is not a stand alone program, but rather part of a larger food safety system. The foundational programs that are part of the food safety system are frequently termed prerequisite programs. The term was coined to indicate that they should be in place before HACCP based systems are implemented in order to effectively manage risk from food borne hazards. The Current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations address requirements for many prerequisite programs. USDA section 402(a)(3) outlines the conditions and practices the regulated food industry must follow for processing safe food under sanitary conditions, including personnel, plant and grounds, sanitary operations, sanitary facilities and controls, equipment and utensils, processes and controls, warehousing and distribution, and defect action levels considerations. Elements of GMPs that are not covered in the HACCP are still required by regulations.
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Process Flow
The process flow of a food safety plan (HACCP or Preventive Controls) is the center of a food product’s food safety story. It tells how a company makes it’s products and also what hazards and controls are associated with each step. Here’s an example process flow for lobster:
Potential Hazards
Canned Salmon
- Spore formers -- Clostridium botulinum
Salmon
- Psychotrophs -- Listeria monocytogenes
Oysters/Mussels
- Psychotrophs -- Listeria monocytogenes
- Proteobacteria -- Campylobacter jejuni
- Enterobacteriacae -- Salmonella
- Marine biotoxins
- Virus -- Norovirus
- Environmental chemical contaminants
- Proteobacteria -- Vibrio spp.
- Allergens
Fin Fish
- Parasites -- Anisakis
- Environmental chemical contaminants
- Allergens
- Enterobacteriacae -- Salmonella
- Psychotrophs -- Listeria monocytogenes
Suggested Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
SOPs are related to both GMPs and Controls of Hazards in the Food Safety Plan. SOPs define the specific steps of how GMPs and Controls of Hazards mitigate food safety hazards and define a repeatable process.
- Using and Calibrating Thermometers
- Transporting Food to Remote Sites
- Cooling Potentially Hazardous Foods
- Cleaning and Sanitizing Food Contact Surfaces
- Storing and Using Poisonous or Toxic Chemicals
- Preventing Cross-Contamination During Storage and Preparation
- Receiving Deliveries
- Cleaning Building and Facility
- Allergen Control Program
- Washing Hands – To prevent foodborne illness by contaminated hands
- Employee Illness Program
Suggested Logs and Records
Monitoring records and logs must include the actual values or observation that document the actual implementation of a Food Safety Plan . For example, if a temperature is being measured, the actual temperature must be recorded rather than a check mark indicating that the temperature complied with the critical limit. To comply with regulations, information must be recorded at the time it is observed.
Here are suggested record and log types to use:
- Customer Complaints
- Corrective Action Forms
- Employee Training
- Food Safety Quarterly Audit
- Food Safety Checklist
- Raw Materials/Receiving Log
- Worker Illness Log
- Freezer Log
- Thawing Log
- Refrigerator Log
- Assembly Log
- Shipping Temperature Log
Suggested Supply Chain Documents
The safety of your product depends on much more than just what you control within your own facility. Use of an ingredient that has a history of association with a specific hazard may require a supply chain program as a control within your food safety program. Companies may have extensive supplier programs that encompass much more than food safety elements to manage their supplier expectations and performance.
Here is a list of suggested documents to obtain from your supply chain:
- Food Safety HACCP or Preventive Controls Plan for each product
- Food Defense/Business Continuity Plan
- Validation of each product and/or process and Ready-To-Eat statements (if applicable)
- Certificates of Analysis (COA)
- Third Party Audit Certificate, Report & Corrective Actions
- Product Specification
- Allergen Grid / Statement
- SDS / MSDS Statement
- Country of Origin
Additional Components for Compliance (Recommended)
The following associated food safety components are recommended to achieve compliance with State and Federal rules and regulations.
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Recall Plan
It is recommended when a critical control point (CCP) is defined from a hazard analysis that a Recall Plan is written to protect the consumer and the brand. Recalls are actions taken by an establishment to remove an adulterated, misbranded or violative product from the market. In other words, a product for which FDA or a state could take legal action against the company would be subject to recall.
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Verification
Verification is an important component of supply chain, sanitation, allergen and critical controls. It confirms that the HACCP Plan is operating as intended. Validation confirms the effectiveness of the HACCP Plan in controlling food safety hazards. The purpose of verification is to provide a level of confidence that the HACCP Plan is 1) based on solid scientific principles that are adequate to control the hazards associated with the product and process, and 2) that the plan is being followed correctly every day of operation.
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